| Sub-lethal toxicity assessment of the phenylurea herbicide linuron in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo/larvae | |
| Maharaj, Sapna1,2; El Ahmadie, Nader1,2; Rheingold, Spencer1,2; El Chehouri, Jana1,2; Yang, Lihua1,2,3; Souders, Christopher L., II1,2; Martyniuk, Christopher J.1,2 | |
| Corresponding Author | Martyniuk, Christopher J.(cmartyn@ufl.edu) |
| 2020-09-01 | |
| Source Publication | NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
 |
| ISSN | 0892-0362 |
| Volume | 81Pages:9 |
| Abstract | Due to run-off and rain events, agrochemicals can enter water catchments, exerting endocrine disruption effects and toxicity to aquatic organisms. Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide used to control a wide variety of vegetative weeds in agriculture in addition to residential applications. However, there are few studies that quantify its toxicity to early developmental stages of fish. The objectives of this study were to assess the acute toxicity of linuron to zebrafish embryos/larvae by measuring mortality, morphological deformities, oxidative respiration, gene expression, and locomotor activity via the Visual Motor Response test. Zebrafish embryos at similar to 6-h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to either embryo rearing medium (ERM), or one dose of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mu M linuron for up to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) depending on the assay. Zebrafish larvae exposed to linuron displayed pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spinal curvature. Oxidative respiration assessments in embryos using the Agilent XF(e)24 Flux Analyzer revealed that linuron decreased mean basal respiration and oligomycin-induced ATP-linked respiration in 30 hpf embryos at 20 mu M after a 24-hour exposure. In 7 dpf larvae, transcript abundance was determined for 6 transcripts that have a role in oxidative respiration (atp06, cox1, cox4-1, cox5a1, cytb, and nd1); the relative abundance of these transcripts was not altered with linuron treatment. A Visual Motor Response test was conducted on 7 dpf larvae to determine whether linuron (0.625 to 5 mu M) impaired locomotor activity. Larval activity in the dark period decreased in a dose dependent manner and there were indications of hypoactivity as low as 1.25 mu M. Transcript abundance was thus determined for tyrosine hydroxylase (th1) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (gad1b), two rate limiting enzymes that control the production of dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid respectively. The mRNA levels of gad1b = 0.019) were reduced with increasing concentrations of linuron while th1 (p = 0.056) showed a similar decreasing trend, suggesting that neurotransmitter biosynthesis may be altered with exposure to linuron. This study improves knowledge related to the toxicity mechanisms for linuron and is the first to demonstrate that this anti-androgenic chemical impairs oxidative respiration and exerts neurotoxic effects associated with neurotransmitter biosynthesis during early development. These data are significant for environmental risk assessment of agrochemicals. |
| Keyword | Agrochemical Mitochondria Behavior Neurotoxicity Risk assessment Pesticide toxicity |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106917 |
| Funding Organization | University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) |
| Indexed By | SCI ; SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| Funding Project | University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) |
| WOS Research Area | Neurosciences & Neurology ; Toxicology |
| WOS Subject | Neurosciences ; Toxicology |
| WOS ID | WOS:000572357800008 |
| WOS Keyword | POTENTIAL MECHANISMS ; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY ; LARVAL ZEBRAFISH ; GENE-EXPRESSION ; ANTI-ANDROGENS ; ENDOCRINE ; EXPOSURE ; BIOENERGETICS ; RESPONSES ; SYSTEM |
| Publisher | PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
| Funding Organization | University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; College of Veterinary Medicine ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) ; UF Graduate School Fellowship (GSF) |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/38888 |
| Collection | 其他_期刊论文 |
| Corresponding Author | Martyniuk, Christopher J. |
| Affiliation | 1.Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Interdisciplinary Program Biomed Sci Neurosci, Dept Physiol Sci,Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 2.Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Interdisciplinary Program Biomed Sci Neurosci, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol,Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Maharaj, Sapna,El Ahmadie, Nader,Rheingold, Spencer,et al. Sub-lethal toxicity assessment of the phenylurea herbicide linuron in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo/larvae[J]. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY,2020,81:9. |
| APA | Maharaj, Sapna.,El Ahmadie, Nader.,Rheingold, Spencer.,El Chehouri, Jana.,Yang, Lihua.,...&Martyniuk, Christopher J..(2020).Sub-lethal toxicity assessment of the phenylurea herbicide linuron in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo/larvae.NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY,81,9. |
| MLA | Maharaj, Sapna,et al."Sub-lethal toxicity assessment of the phenylurea herbicide linuron in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo/larvae".NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 81(2020):9. |
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