| Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins | |
| Zhang, De Lu1,2; Hu, Chun Xiang2; Li, Dun Hai2; Liu, Yong Ding2; Hu, CX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. | |
| 2013-08-15 | |
| Source Publication | AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
 |
| ISSN | 0166-445X |
| Volume | 138Pages:139-149 |
| Abstract | Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (A. flos-aquae) is a source of neurotoxins known as aphantoxins or paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) that present a major threat to the environment and to human health. Generally, altered neurological function is reflected in behavior. Although the molecular mechanism of action of PSPs is well known, its neurobehavioral effects on adult zebrafish and its relationship with altered neurological functions are poorly understood. Aphantoxins purified from a natural isolate of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were analyzed by HPLC. The major analogs found in the toxins were the gonyautoxins 1 and 5 (GTX1 and GTX5; 34.04% and 21.28%, respectively) and the neosaxitoxin (neoSTX, 12.77%). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were intraperitoneally injected with 5.3 and 7.61 mu g STXeq/kg (low and high dose, respectively) of A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. The swimming activity was investigated by observation combined with video at 6 timepoints from 1 to 24 h post-exposure. Both aphantoxin doses were associated with delayed touch responses, reduced head tail locomotory abilities, inflexible turning of head, and a tailward-shifted center of gravity. The normal S-pattern (or undulating) locomotor trajectory was replaced by a mechanical motor pattern of swinging the head after wagging the tail. Finally, these fish principally distributed at the top and/or bottom water of the aquarium, and showed a clear polarized distribution pattern at 12 h post-exposure. Further analysis of neurological function demonstrated that both aphantoxin doses inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase activity. All these changes were dose- and time-dependent. These results demonstrate that aphantoxins can alter locomotor capacity, touch responses and distribution patterns by damaging the cholinergic system of zebrafish, and suggest that zebrafish locomotor behavior and acetylcholinesterase can be used as indicators for investigating aphantoxins and blooms in nature. Published by Elsevier B.V.; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (A. flos-aquae) is a source of neurotoxins known as aphantoxins or paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) that present a major threat to the environment and to human health. Generally, altered neurological function is reflected in behavior. Although the molecular mechanism of action of PSPs is well known, its neurobehavioral effects on adult zebrafish and its relationship with altered neurological functions are poorly understood. Aphantoxins purified from a natural isolate of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were analyzed by HPLC. The major analogs found in the toxins were the gonyautoxins 1 and 5 (GTX1 and GTX5; 34.04% and 21.28%, respectively) and the neosaxitoxin (neoSTX, 12.77%). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were intraperitoneally injected with 5.3 and 7.61 mu g STXeq/kg (low and high dose, respectively) of A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. The swimming activity was investigated by observation combined with video at 6 timepoints from 1 to 24 h post-exposure. Both aphantoxin doses were associated with delayed touch responses, reduced head tail locomotory abilities, inflexible turning of head, and a tailward-shifted center of gravity. The normal S-pattern (or undulating) locomotor trajectory was replaced by a mechanical motor pattern of swinging the head after wagging the tail. Finally, these fish principally distributed at the top and/or bottom water of the aquarium, and showed a clear polarized distribution pattern at 12 h post-exposure. Further analysis of neurological function demonstrated that both aphantoxin doses inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase activity. All these changes were dose- and time-dependent. These results demonstrate that aphantoxins can alter locomotor capacity, touch responses and distribution patterns by damaging the cholinergic system of zebrafish, and suggest that zebrafish locomotor behavior and acetylcholinesterase can be used as indicators for investigating aphantoxins and blooms in nature. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| Subtype | Article |
| Keyword | Aphantoxins Mechanosensory Change Locomotor Abnormality Acetylcholinesterase Brain Zebrafish |
| Department | [Zhang, De Lu] Wuhan Univ Technol, Coll Sci, Dept Lifesci & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China ; [Zhang, De Lu ; Hu, Chun Xiang ; Li, Dun Hai ; Liu, Yong Ding] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.016 |
| WOS Headings | Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine |
| Funding Organization | National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] |
| Indexed By | SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| WOS Research Area | Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Toxicology |
| WOS Subject | Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Toxicology |
| WOS ID | WOS:000322293600016 |
| WOS Keyword | PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS ; INDUCED BEHAVIORAL-CHANGES ; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS ; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS ; DANIO-RERIO ; GYMNODINIUM-CATENATUM ; SWIMMING ACTIVITY ; ETHANOL EXPOSURE ; POISONING TOXINS ; ADULT ZEBRAFISH |
| Funding Organization | National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] ; National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB418001]; National High-tech Research and Development Program of China [2013AA065804] |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/19628 |
| Collection | 藻类生物学及应用研究中心_期刊论文 |
| Corresponding Author | Hu, CX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. |
| Affiliation | 1.Wuhan Univ Technol, Coll Sci, Dept Lifesci & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Zhang, De Lu,Hu, Chun Xiang,Li, Dun Hai,et al. Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins[J]. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY,2013,138:139-149. |
| APA | Zhang, De Lu,Hu, Chun Xiang,Li, Dun Hai,Liu, Yong Ding,&Hu, CX .(2013).Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins.AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY,138,139-149. |
| MLA | Zhang, De Lu,et al."Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins".AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 138(2013):139-149. |
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